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Honey bee publish details |
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Pink morning glory
Ipomoea carnea Jacq. ssp. fistulosa (Mart. ex Choisy) D. Austin |
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Morning glory is the common name of more than 1000 flowering plants in the family Convolvulaceae. This family has about 60 genera which includes Calystegia, Convolvulus, Ipomoea, Merremia, Rivea, Astripomoea, Operculina, Stictocardia, Argyreia, Lepistemon, etc. Ipomoea is a Greek word, which consists of two word Ipos=“worm” or “bindweed” and homoios= “resembling”. It refers to its twinning habit. The genus is found throughout the tropical and subtropical region of the world. Ipomoea has more than 500 species, one of them is known as pink morning glory (Ipomoea carnea sp. fistulosa - Icf, Guj. name –Naffatiyo). It was introduced in India in the eighteenth century1. The plant is believed to have originated in South America, where it grows in dense populations along riverbeds, banks, canals and other waterlogged (wetland) areas. In Egypt, the farmers use it as an ornamental plant. It is known as “besharam” (brazenness) in South Asia since it can grow anywhere.
It is known as canudo-de-pita in Brazil. It means “pipe-cane”, as its hollow stems were used to make tubes for tobacco pipes. It became the namesake of Canudos, a religious community in the sertao of Bahia, over which the War of Canudos was fought 1893–1897.
It was once thought to be an ecological disaster2,3 in India. The plant is toxic for animals due to bioaccumulation of selenium in leaves and seeds4.The plant cells of Convolvulaceae family secrete resin glycosides which are chemotaxonomic markers of this family5 and are responsible for the purgative properties of some species of the Convolvulaceae6.
Uses of Ipomoea carnea sp. fistulosa
Agriculture
SRISTI has scouted 42 crop protection practices from Gujarat where this plant has been used (Figure 1). Farmers have used it to control various insects, Heliothis, aphids, leaf curl, sucking pest, termite, borers, fungal diseases and for growth promotion. It is also being used to protect the grains during storage. Out of the 42 practices, it has been used alone in 17 practices (40.47%). In the practices where it is used with co-ingredients; maximum frequency is that of N.tabacum (7 times), whereas with A.indica, A.vasica, Cow urine and buttermilk, it has been used 6, 5, 4 & 3 times respectively. These practices were also published in the Honey Bee (Honey Bee, 3(1):13, 1992; Honey Bee, 3(1):16, 1992; Honey Bee, 4 (2&3):28-30, 1993; Honey Bee, 6(4):9, 1995; Honey Bee, 10(2):14,1999; Honey Bee, 13(4):18, 2002; Honey Bee, 15(2):16, 2004).
It is used in farm land for improving the soil fertility in tropical countries (India) where it is found in abundant (Kondap et al. 1981)7.
Animal care
It is used for topical diseases such as wounds and abscess. Abhalbhai H Patel, Charvi, Bansda, Navsari crushes the leaves of Ipomoea carnea and applies to maggot infested wounds. Rayaliben Ramabhai Bariya, Dudhiya, Devgadhbaria, Dahod uses its leaves along with the leaves of Aegle marmelos, black Datura, and jaggery to control abscess. Ramanbhai Bavabhai Patel, Chimla, Chikhli, Navsari applies juice of leaves along with camphor to control maggot infestation. (Also see Honey Bee, 21(4),12, 2010).
Human care
It is used for topical diseases such as abscess, fungal skin infection and pimples. Navneetbhai Maganbhai Patel, Bochasan, Borsad, Anand, macerates 100g of leaves on stone and applies for five to six days to cure abscess. Narvatbhai Virsingbhai Koli, Nani Bandibar, Moti Bandibar, Limkheda, Dahod apply the gummy secretion of branches on pimples two to three times in a day till the skin becomes normal.
Pravinbhai Shantibhai Patel, Kalol, Panchmahal makes paste from 100g leaves, adds a pinch of salt and 25g water. He heats it before applying and repeats this practice for four to five days to cure fungal infections.
The latex of the plant is used in traditional medicine as a topical antiseptic in lesions (Chowdhury et al. 1997)8. Extracts prepared from the whole plant in hot, but not boiling, water is widely used as antirheumatic remedy in Bolivia, see Shaltout K.H. (2006)9. Nusrat Fatima, Mohammad Mijanur Rahmana, Md. Asaduzzaman Khan and Junjiang Fu (2014) have recently summarised uses I. carnea for, “anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-convulsant, immunomodulatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, sedative and wound healing activities”(Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, March 2014).
Environmental protection
High cellulose and volatile solid content of dried
stem material of Ipomoea carnea is responsible for its successful biogasification9. A chitinase enzyme isolated from this plant has a potential use in agriculture and also for environmental protection10. The plant can also cause problems such as obstruction and difficulties in irrigation systems, navigation, and fisheries3, and cause poisoning and thus affects the nervous system11,12 and lead to toxicity in goats13. Frey (1995)14 reported a rare use of dried stem material as firewood in Rajasthan, because of its yellow flame.
Industrial use
Despite the abundant availability of the plant, proper industrial application has not been attempted so far. As early as 1600 BC, Olmecs15 produced balls used in the Mesoamerican ballgame for which the sap of these plants16 was used for vulcanisation of the latex. The stem of I. carnea can be used for making paper17. Frey (1995)14 reported use of entire Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa as a raw material for paper-bag production in the surroundings of Tiruchirapalli and along the Eastern Ghats in India.
Tirkey et al.18 reported that dried powdered leaves contain alkaloids, reducing sugars, glycosides and tannins. These chemicals make Ipomoea carnea one of the important future raw materials for industrial application. Various applications of this group of plants from the community level to industrial and formal scientific applications suggest that it should not be treated as a mere weed. Bioremediation of toxic substances particularly form dye industries are under evaluation by using its hairy root culture19.
Patents
The patent search for Ipomea carnea sp. fistulosa had shown two patent applications to control Ipomea carnea spp fistulosa filed by Bayer Cropscience Ag in the year 2006 (Application number US 11/537,858; Publication number US 20080026945 A1 and US 7888286 B2).
Table 1: Other reported properties of Ipomoea carnea sp. fistulosa
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| Volume No. |
Honey Bee 24(4) 17-18, 2014 |
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