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Medicinal Plant details |
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| Sanskrit Name |
Allaka, Dharika, Kustumburi, Vitunnaka, Dhanyakam (WOA, 1998).
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| Common name in English |
Coriander |
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| Botanical Name |
Coriandrum sativum L. |
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| Parts Used |
Fruit, Leaves |
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| Human Medicinal Usage |
The plant is said to be an antispasmodic, carminative, stimulant, and stomachic. It exhibited hypoglycemic activity. It is considered to be an aphrodisiac. In Chinese herbal therapy, it is utilized for the treatment of measles, stomachache, nausea, hernia, and used as a tonic. The linalool content of coriander oil is known to cause contact dermatitis (Syed et al., 1986, Garg & Siddiqui, 1992; Iyengar, 1997). Due to its fragrant essential oil contents, seeds are sometimes used as a flavoring agent to improve taste in other medicinal preparations.
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| Veterinary Medicinal Usage |
A handful of Coriandrum sativum leaves and three Musa sapientum fruits are fed directly once daily for 3 days to cure FMD (Anonymous, 2000). When excessive salivation, mucous secretion and crippling are observed in cattle, they are fed the mixture of banana, green gram (Vigna radiata) and camphor with coriander leaves and groundnut (Anonymous, 2002). Ten grams each of pepper and coriander are powdered and mixed with gingelly oil, and fed to the affected animal to cure urinary blockage (Iyyappan, 1995). |
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| Agriculture Usage |
Coriander seeds are planted between the rows of jowar to control Striga asiatica weed in the jowar (Sorghum vulgare) field. Once the coriander plants are big enough the strands twist themselves around striga weed and suppress its growth (Anonymous, 1997). To protect Bengal gram from pod borer insects, farmers grow coriander and alsi (Linseed) along with Bengal gram (Anonymous, 1995). To prevent diseases and insects in mango crop, it is advised to grow coriander, mint, ginger and turmeric in the mango orchards (Anonymous, 1995). Coriander or garlic is inter sown with chilli seedlings to avoid attack by thrips or woodworms. It also controls the attack of aphids and white flies (Anonymous, 1997).
Coriandrum sativum is used as insect repellent and insecticide. Coriander is used as an ingredient for the preparation of 'masala bolus' which boosts the fruit setting and enhances the taste (Anonymous, 1997).
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| Other Usage |
Coriander seeds,and leaves are used primarily as a flavoring agent in the food industry or as spice in the home kitchen for breads, cheeses, curry, fish, meats, sauces, soups, pastries, and confections. They are also used to flavor alcoholic beverages viz. gin, and in liqueurs. The essential oil is used in perfumes, soaps, and cosmetic industries. The fruit has been used to flavor cigarette tobacco.
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| Family |
Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)
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| Description |
A slender branched glabrous herb, up to 75 cm high, with a strong smell. Leaves: alternate, 2-6 cm long; basal leaves ternately lobed; segments ovate, margin toothed; upper leaves pinnately dissected; segments linear. Flowers: in terminal or lateral compound umbels, pale to white; rays 3 -6; invoucre 1 or absent; inner flowers actinomorphic and other ones zygomorphic; calyx teeth prominent, unequal; petals purplish white, emarginate. Fruits: ellipsoid or nearly subglobose; ribbed, ca 4 mm long; Fl. & Fr.: Dec.- April (Shah, 1978).
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| Common Name in India |
Gaja daunstree (Hindi); Faribduti; bara gokhru (Gujarati, Bengali); Bara gokharu (Oriya); Gokshura (Marathi); Moto gokharu, Kadva gokharu, Mothan gokharu (Gujarati); Pedda palleru (Telugu); Perunerunji (Tamil); Kattu nerinjal (Malayalum); Aneneggilu (Kannada); Selusaran (Konkani); Gikru kalan (Punjabi) (WOA, 1998). |
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| Habitat |
It is cultivated as spice crop and for vegetable, also found as an escape near cultivated fields. |
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| Rainfall |
The plants requires approximately 400 mm of water. |
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| Soil (Physical/Chemical) |
Plant prefers medium fertility but the best yields are obtained in light and fertile soils having pH of 4.9 to 8.3.
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| Regional Distribution |
Cultivated almost all over in India (WOA, 1998).
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| Global Distribution |
Coriender is native to the eastern Mediterranean region and southern Europe, now widely distributed in the world, came into cultivation in Morocco, Romania, Mexico, Argentina, China, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, Canada, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Poland, Syria, the United States, the USSR, and Yugoslavia (WOA, 1998).
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| Harvest |
Green tender leaves are collected for vegetable purpose. Fruit harvesting can commence when approximately half the fruits on the plant have turned gray. Harvesting should be carried out in the early morning or late afternoon to avoid seed shattering due to wind. To harvest fruits, two methods are applied. One is to allow the fruits to completely mature and dry on the plants and then harvest them with a windrow, collect and thresh the harvested dried material. Alternatively, the plants can be harvested directly with or without the application of a desiccant using a wheat combine harvester (Luayza et al., 1996).
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| Chemical composition |
The essential oil content of dried fruit ranges from 0.5 to 1.0 % depending upon the quality. Essential oil contains d-linalool, camphor, d--pinene, camphene, -pinene, sabinene, myrcene, -terpinene, -terpinene, limonene, and other constituents. Fruit also contain a fixed or fatty oil (hort.purdue, 2004). |
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| Herbarium No |
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REFERENCES |
| SR No. |
NAME |
ARTICLE TITLE |
AUTHOR |
PLACE OF PUBLICATION |
VOLUME/ISSUE |
YEAR |
PUBLISHER |
COMMENT |
| 1 |
JRIM. |
In vitro antifungal activity of the essential oil of Coriandrum sativum L. |
Garg, SC, Siddiqui, N. |
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11(3): 11-13. |
1992. |
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| 2 |
Ancient Science of Life |
Studies on some umbelliferous herbs. |
Iyengar, MA, Susan Soans, Rao, G, Nayak, SGK. |
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17(1): 47-51. |
1997. |
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| 3 |
J. Janick (ed.), Progress in new crops. ASHS Press, Arlington, VA. |
Coriander under irrigation in Argentina. |
Luayza, G, Brevedan, R, Palomo, R. |
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pp. 590-594. In: |
1996. |
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| 4 |
J. Janick (ed.) |
Coriander under irrigation in Argentina. |
Luayza, G, Brevedan, R, Palomo, R. |
Arlington, VA. |
pp. 590-594. In: |
1996. |
Progress in new crops. ASHS Press |
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| 5 |
Pakistan J Sci Industr Res. |
Antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of the Umbelliferae family, Part I: Cuminum cyminum, Coriandrum sativum, Foeniculum vulgare and Bunium persicum oils. |
Syed, Meena, Hanif, M, Chaudhary, FM, Bhatty, MK. |
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29(3): 183-188 |
1986. |
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| 6 |
WOA |
The Wealth of Asia |
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New Delhi |
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1998 |
National Institute of Science Communication, CSIR |
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