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Medicinal Plant details |
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| Sanskrit Name |
Yava |
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| Common name in English |
Barley |
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| Botanical Name |
Hordeum vulgare L. |
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| Historical Accounts |
Barley (Hordeum vulgare), indications from archaeological remains in the Near East, corresponding geographically to a region extending from Israel through Syria, Southern Turkey into Iraq and Iran, suggest the crop was domesticated about 10,000 years ago from its wild relative Hordeum spontaneum. Barley is thought to be a native of central Asia, but the subject is involved in much uncertainty. |
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| Parts Used |
Dried decorticated grain called pearl barley, Seed. |
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| Human Medicinal Usage |
Barley is used in folk remedies for cancer (esp. of stomach and uterus, and tumors of the abdomen. The seed meal is a folk remedy for cancer of the uterus, inflammatory and sclerotic tumors and gatherings, and parotid gland tumors Barley grains (Hordeum vulgare) are boiled in water and filtrate is used in stones in the urinary channel (Pravinsinh, 1992). It is mixed in rice starch and fed to treat diarrhea (Kumar, 2000). The plant is widely used in folk medicine for its antitumour activity (Duke & Ayensu, 1985). Modern research has shown that it is a good remedy for treatment of hepatitis, and also help to control diabetes (Chevallier, 1996).
Barley is used in folk remedies for cancer of stomach also. The seed flour is used for condylomata of the anus, tumors behind the ears, scirrhus of the testicles and spleen, and whitlows. Cataplasms derived from the seed are also believed to help breast cancers. It is reported to be antilactagogue, demulcent, digestive, diuretic, ecbolic, emollient, expectorant, febrifuge, and stomachic (Duke & Ayensu, 1985; Yeung, 1985). It is a folk remedy for bronchitis, burns, cancer, catarrh, chest, chilblains, cholecystosis, cholera, cough, debility, diarrhea, dyspepsia, fever, inflammation, measles, phthisis, puerperium, sores, and urogenital ailments. |
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| Veterinary Medicinal Usage |
Traditional people use decoction of boiled barley to cure trouble of urination (Pravinsinh, 1992). According to Chandan (2001), dried mixture of 500 gm amla (Emblica officinalis), 500 gm harad (Terminalia chebula), 500 gm taramira (Eruca sativa) and one kg barley seeds acts as potent stomachic and carminative when given as oral drench to domestic animals.
To get relief from internal heat in summer in camels, approximately five kg each of curd and flour of barley are mixed together or given separately (Raval, 1997). Decoction of boiled barley is filtered and given to the animals having urinary trouble because of infection in kidney or bladder (Sanbad, 1991). A filtrate of barley grain boiled in water reportedly dislocates stones in the urinary channel (Pravinsinh, 1992).
A paste of about 60 to 70g of 'chopattia' grass is given to the diseased animal with barley flour. This practice not only cures FMD but also acts as a preventive measure when given to healthy animal (Jain, 1994). It contains good nutritional value and used as livestock feed. |
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| Agriculture Usage |
Barley if grown together with Bengal gram, controls Fusarium wilt disease in Bengal gram (Tagare, 1998; Pradhan, 1999). When fruits get destroyed at a premature stage, they should be treated with a decoction comprising milk, black-gram, green gram, sesamum and barley (Tagare, 1998). |
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| Other Usage |
In India, a cooling drink called "Sattu" is made from barley. Barley flour is produced by milling the grains and used with 10-25% wheat flour for various purposes including bread making. Ashes of leaves used in Patna (India) in preparation of cooling sherbets. High protein barleys are generally valued for food and feeding, and starchy barley for malting. Sugar is also derived traditionally from barley (Tagare, 1998).
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| Synonyms |
Hordeum aegiceras Nees ex Royle, Hordeum distichon L., Hordeum hexastichum L., Hordeum hexastichon L. (USDA, 2004) |
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| Family |
Poaceae (Gramineae)
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| Description |
Annual grass; stems erect, stout, tufted, 60-120 cm tall. Leaves: few, alternate, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, the upper one close to the spike, blades up to 25 x 1.5 cm; sheath smooth, striate; ligules short, membranous. Spikes terminal, linear-oblong, compressed, up to 20 cm long, 2-ranked, densely flowered; spikelets sessile, all fertile or lateral ones barren and occasionally rudimentary; rachis flattened; glumes 2, narrow, small, lanceolate-subulate at the base, short-awned, ciliate-plumose, enclosing 3 spikelets; lemma lanceolate, 5-ribbed, tapering into a long straight or recurved awn; palea slightly smaller than the lemma with inflexed margins; stamens 3. Caryopsis ellipsoid, 8-9 mm long, short-pointed, grooved on inner face, smooth, free or adherent to palea or both lemma and palea (Kirtikar & Basu, 1976). |
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| Common Name in India |
Jave (Hindi); Satu, Jav (Marathi); Jab (Bengali); Pachcha-yavulu (Telugu); Barlhiarisi (Tamil); Cheno, Jav (Gujarati); Jave-godi (Kannada); Baarli (Konkani) |
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| Common Name in Other Countries |
Shaair (Arabic); Cevada (Brazil); Muyau (Burma); Kung mai, Ta mai (Chinese); Bechette (French); Garste (German); Tosa (Nepal); Jav (Urdu)
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| Habitat |
This cereal is largely cultivated in various states of India (Nadkarni, 2002) and several varieties are developed for different regions. |
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| Rainfall |
Preferably sunny and moderately rainy |
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| Soil (Physical/Chemical) |
It can grow on soils which are too light or otherwise unsuitable for wheat cultivation (Stephen Machado, 2004); shows better crop on light or sandy loam soils with pH of 7-8. Soils lower than pH 6 may induce aluminum toxicity. For malting barleys, soils should not contain too much nitrogen.
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| Regional Distribution |
Found various part of India.
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| Global Distribution |
Probably native to Middle East, from Afghanistan to northern India; now widely cultivated in all temperate regions from Arctic Circle to high mountains in the tropics (Stephen Machado, 2004). The earliest remains so far discovered are from Iran (ca 7900 BC),however, the place of origin is controversial till now. |
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| Harvest |
The crop is ready for harvest in about 4 months after sowing. Some improved varieties are also harvested in 60 days. It is suggested to harvest the barley crop after full maturity (Tagare, 1998).
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| Chemical composition |
The straw contained 68.80% volatiles, 10.30% ash, 20.90% fixed carbon, 39.92% C, 5.27% H, 43.81% O, 1.25% N, and undetermined residue.
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REFERENCES |
| SR No. |
NAME |
ARTICLE TITLE |
AUTHOR |
PLACE OF PUBLICATION |
VOLUME/ISSUE |
YEAR |
PUBLISHER |
COMMENT |
| 1 |
Dorling Kindersley. |
The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants. |
Chevallier, A. |
London. |
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1996. |
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| 2 |
Ibiblio. 2004. |
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| 3 |
Indian medicinal plants. |
Indian medicinal plants. |
P.S.Varier's arya vaidya sala |
kottakkal |
vol-3/page-303 |
1997 |
longman limited |
A compendium of 500sps. |
| 4 |
Columbia Basin Agricultural Research Center Annual Report in cooperation with USDA Agricultural Research Center. |
Potential alternative crops for eastern Oregon |
Stephen Machado. |
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2004 |
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| 5 |
Reference Publications, Inc. |
Medicinal Plants of China. |
Duke, JA, Ayensu, ES. |
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1985. |
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| 6 |
Popular Prakashan. |
(Repr. Ed.). Indian Materia Medica. |
Nadkarni, KM. |
Bombay. |
Vol. 1 & 2. |
2002 |
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| 7 |
Institute of Chinese Medicine,
Kumar, D. (2000): Book worm:Ethno veterinary Practices in Sheep: Part I, Honey Bee. 11(2):19.
Chandan, A. (2001): Amla as Carminative, Honey Bee. 12(2):10.
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Handbook of Chinese Herbs and Formulas |
Yeung, Him-Che. |
Los Angeles. |
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1985 |
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