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Medicinal Plant details |
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| Sanskrit Name |
Tilah (WOA, 1998). |
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| Common name in English |
Sesame, Gingelly. |
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| Botanical Name |
Sesamum indicum L. |
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| Parts Used |
Roots, leaves, seeds and oil.
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| Human Medicinal Usage |
Roots and leaves are emollient and their decoction is a good hair-wash, which promotes hair growth. The leaves are used in the treatment of dysentery, cholera, and vitiated conditions of Kapha, nephropathy, uropathy, opthalmopathy and dermatopathy. The seeds are sweet, astringent, bitter, acrid, emollient, laxative, galactalogue, digestive, hair-restorer and tonic. It is a remedy for haemorrhoids, ulcers, burns, dysentery and vitiated conditions of Vata. In mediacated oils, sesame oil forms a fat-soluble medium. The oil is bitter, astringent, sweet, thermogenic, digestive, anthelmintic, constipating and emollient and is good for curing of gonorrhoea. It is extensively used to alleviate dryness of the skin and leucoderma (Chopra et al., 1956; Kirtikar & Basu, 1935; Anonymous, 1948-1976; Chopra, 1958; Nadkarni, 1954).
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| Veterinary Medicinal Usage |
To treat fractured bone, a paste is prepared by mixing 200 g turmeric powder, 500 g human hair and 250 to 500 g til (Sesamum indicum) oil. This paste is applied to the affected area. Then strips of bamboo are placed on the fractured bones and a bandage is tied (Nandasaniya, 1998). Tropical application of 500 gm leaves of basunti, 100 gm fitkare (alum) and 50 gm black salt in til (sesame) oil relieves brisket edema in animals (Chandan, 2001). Align the broken bone manually and then massages the affected part with sesame oil or iodex. The fracture is splinted with bamboo of wooden splints and bandaged (Patel, 1994).
Ash obtained from burning the sesame plant is mixed with castor oil and fermented rice-water and administered to the animal to expel a dead foetus (Iyyappan, 1995). A mixture of 500 gm ghee kaur (Aloe vera), 500 gm camphor, 100 gm turmeric (Curcuma longa) and 100 gm til oil helps in the speedy healing of burn injuries/wounds in animals when applied on the affected portion (Chandan, 2001). To treat 'Kunnu' disease, 200 ml of gingelly oil (sesame oil) is administered orally (Selvarani, 2002). To expel intestinal worms, calves are fed with leaves of 'rati bhindi' or sesame (Chauhan, 1994). To control hair loss, sesame oil is boiled till it becomes red in colour, then it is allowed to cool and the animals tail is dipped into it. If it is applied for two to three times a day for a month, the animal regains its hair (Vasnoi, 1997).
To treat dislocated joint, massage the affected part with camphor mixed in sesamum oil. Sesame oil and sugar are mixed together in equal proportions and rubbed on the skin over the affected part of the camel's body, twice a day for three or four days, twice a day for three or four days to cure arthritis (Joytabhai, 1993). If a semi-liquid paste of 'sindur' (mercuric oxide) in sesame oil is applied on a septic wound, healing is evident in three or four days (Ganjibhai, 1993).
Approximately 300-400 g leaves of fand (Rivea hypocrateriformis), 250 g of jaggery, 50 g of Suva and 25 g of ash of Sesamum indicum stalks are boiled in one litre of water. The boiled mixture is allowed to cool down and given to the animal which has not dropped placenta after 7-8 hrs of calving (Khatana, 1997).
In case of FMD, the hoof of animal is washed with warm salt solution. The ash that is prepared by burning old leather is mixed with equal amount of groundnut or seasame oil and is applied on the affected hooves everyday till it heals (Boliya, 1992). |
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| Agriculture Usage |
Ninety percent of Sesamum (Sesamum indicum), groundnut (Arachis hypogea), or niger flour (Guitzotia abyssinica), five percent of thick sugar crystals and five percent of powdered glass from fused bulbs or tube lights is mixed together. This mixture is placed near rat holes to attract and kill them (Basavaraju, 1997; Prakash, 2000).
Storing castor and sesamum (Sesamum indicum) seeds together can reduce pest attack (Lingappa, 1999). Trees being taken to another place for grafting must be smeared from root to its upper part with a mixture of ghee, sesamum, honey, vidanga, milk and cow-dung (Tagare, 1998).
In case of fruit bearing trees, if the fruits get destroyed prematurely, it should be watered with milk in which boiled black grams, green grams, sesamum and barley are boiled.
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| Synonyms |
Sesamum orientalis L. |
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| Family |
Pedaliaceae |
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| Description |
An erect, pubescent annual, up to 90 cm high; branching from the base. Leaves: large, thin; the lower ones lobed, sparsely hairy; upper most linear and intermediate usually ovate and toothed. Flowers: white, pink or purplish with yellow marks, in racemes in the leaf axils. Fruits: capsules quadrangular, oblong, compressed, deeply 4-grooved. Seeds: seeds numerous, black, brown or white (WOA, 1998). |
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| Common Name in India |
Til (Hindi, Gujarati); Ellu (Malayalam, Kannad); Nuvuula (Telugu); Ellu, Ellucceti (Tamil) (WOA, 1998). |
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| Common Name in Other Countries |
Gergelim (Brazil); Hnan (Burma); Huma (Chinese); Benne (French); Gengilli, Sesame (South Africa); Benne (United States)
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| Habitat |
The plant is cultivated throughout India, in the plains and upto 1, 200 m altitude (WOA, 1998).
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| Rainfall |
It grows better in the areas having 800-2000 mm annual rainfall (WOA, 1998). |
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| Soil (Physical/Chemical) |
Light, well drained and capable of returning of moisture. Typical sandy loam soil is best (WOA, 1998).
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| Regional Distribution |
It is cultivated all over India. |
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| Global Distribution |
It is found in Tropical Africa, Arabia, Baluchistan and other tropical parts of Asia.
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| Harvest |
The sesame is harvested before the plants become completely dry in order to prevent loss of seeds due to dehiscence of the capsules. When Flowering ceases, leaves turn yellow and starts drooping and capsules are still green, the plants are cut at the base with a sickle.
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| Pests / Diseases |
The initial infection of Phytophthora blight can be seen in one week-old seedlings, as water soaked spots on the leaves and stem. These turn brown and finally black. The other diseases include Leaf spot (Cercospora sesami), Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sesamizapt), Anthracnose, Bacterial blight, Bacterial black rot etc. Tribolium castaneum, Macrophonia phaseoli, Gallfly, leaf roller and sphinx caterpillar are the major pests affecting the crop.
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| Chemical composition |
A flavonoid glucoside - pedalin (0.3%), mp 254 deg. Isolated from leaves and structure determined.
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| Herbarium No |
1 |
REFERENCES |
| SR No. |
NAME |
ARTICLE TITLE |
AUTHOR |
PLACE OF PUBLICATION |
VOLUME/ISSUE |
YEAR |
PUBLISHER |
COMMENT |
| 1 |
The useful plants of india |
The useful plants of india. |
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new delhi india. |
page-568 |
1986 |
C.S.I.R |
The publication and imformation directorate |
| 2 |
Pharmacognosy of ayurvedic drugs of Travan core cochin. |
Pharmacognosy of ayurvedic drugs of Travan core cochin. |
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trivendrum |
page-225 |
1951 |
central research institute |
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| 3 |
Honey bee |
Arthritis. |
Joytabhai, RC |
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4(2&3):22-23 |
1993 |
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| 4 |
Pharmacognosy of ayurvedic drugs of Travan core cochin. |
Pharmacognosy of ayurvedic drugs of Travan core cochin. |
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trivendrum |
pafe-225 |
1951 |
central research institute |
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| 5 |
Indian medicinal plants. |
Indian medicinal plants. |
P.S.Varier's Aryavaid sala |
Kottakkal orient |
vol-5/page104 |
1997 |
longman limited |
A compendium of 500 sps |
| 6 |
Honey Bee. |
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD). |
Boliya, BB. |
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3(2): 20 |
1992. |
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| 7 |
Honey Bee. |
For Curing Edema. |
Chandan, A. |
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12(2): 8 |
2001. |
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| 8 |
Honey Bee. |
Practices from local versions of Honey Bee: Expulsion of Dead Foetus in Cows. |
Iyyappan, VR. |
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6(1): 10 |
1995. |
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| 9 |
Honey Bee. |
Healing Wounds. |
Chandan, A. |
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12(2): 8 |
2001. |
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| 10 |
Honey Bee. |
Sesame oil for hairy tail. |
Vasnoi, SF. |
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8(3): 13. |
1997. |
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| 11 |
Anonymous. |
The Wealth of India. Raw Materials. |
Anonymous. |
New Delhi. |
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1948-1976. |
CSIR Publication, |
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| 12 |
Honey Bee. |
Sesame overcomes the three day fever. |
Selvarani. |
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13(1): 8 |
2002. |
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| 13 |
Chopra, RN, Nayar, SL, Chopra, IC. |
Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. |
Chopra, RN, Nayar, SL, Chopra, IC. |
New Delhi |
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1956 |
CSIR |
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| 14 |
Anonymous. |
The Wealth of India. Raw Materials. |
Anonymous. |
New Delhi. |
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1948-1976. |
CSIR Publication, |
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| 15 |
KR, Basu, BD. |
Indian Medicinal Plants. |
Kirtikar, KR, Basu, BD. |
Dehra Dun. |
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1935. |
International Book Distributors, |
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| 16 |
Chopra. R.N. |
Indigenous drugs of India. |
Chopra. R.N. |
Calcutta. |
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1958. |
UN Dhar & Sons Pvt. Ltd., |
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| 17 |
Nadkarni, AK. |
Indian Materia Medica. |
Nadkarni, AK. |
Bombay, India |
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1954. |
Popular Prakashan, |
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| 18 |
WOA |
The Wealth of Asia |
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New Delhi |
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1998 |
National Institute of Science Communication, CSIR |
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