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Medicinal Plant details |
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| Sanskrit Name |
Cinca,Tintrini (WOA, 1998). |
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| Common name in English |
Tamarind tree |
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| Botanical Name |
Tamarindus indica L. |
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| Etymology |
Amlika- extremely sour.
Sukta- causes acidity.
Amlapurah- carps which produces saliva.
Tuntika-Which water the tongue. |
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| Parts Used |
Leaves, Fruit, Seeds,Roots. |
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| Human Medicinal Usage |
The root bark is astringent, constipating, emmmongogue and tonic and is useful in diarrhoea, asthma, amenorrhoea, gingivitis and ulcers. The leaves are sour, astringent, thermogenic, andthelmintic, anodyne, antiinflammation, antifungal, diuretics, febrifuge, aperient and opthalmic. They are used in viatiated conditions of vata, swellings, fever scalling of urine, gas troubles, helminthiasis, wounds, ulcers, jaundice, scabies, tumorous, rigworm, boils, smallpox , otalgia and conjuctivitis.
The fruits are sour, sweet, refrigrent, digestive, carminative, laxative, antiscobutic, antiseptic, opthalmia and febrifuge. The seeds are astringent, constipating, emmmongogue and tonic and is useful in diarrhoea, asthma, amenorrhoea, gingivitis and ulcers, sour, astringent, thermogenic, antihelmintic, anodyne, antiinflammation, antifungal, diuretics, febrifuge, aperient and opthalmic. The roots are boiled in water are used as medicine to cure convulsions in children (Vankar, 1998).
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| Veterinary Medicinal Usage |
Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) seeds are heated in an oven and then pounded gently so as to remove the outercoat. The de-husked seeds are then soaked in water overnight. The soaked seeds are fed to cattle (one or two kilo per day) as a high energy food. This also induces increased milk secretion in dairy animals (Khan, 1996). Sometimes animals experience uneasiness after feeding on green fodder contaminated with pesticides. Under such condition, cattle owners administer tamarind water to animals for getting instant relief (Vankar, 1998).
Dropping of sheep, water-soaked seeds of tamarind and soil of termite mounds are mixed together and boiled in water and cooled. When lukewarm the solution is applied to wounds on the legs of cattle (Anonymous, 1994). To treat swollen tongue, pull out the tongue and prick the hot and thick vein in reverse side of the tongue. Let the blood flow for a while. Then he rubs the tongue with well ground pirandai (Cissus quadrangularis), tamarind fruit and a hand full of common salt (Gounder, 1998). The powder of the seeds of Tamarindus indicus used to cure cattle of diarrhoea (Vankar, 1998). For the cattle which do not eat properly and also for rejuvenating cattle, 'Pirandi (Cissus quadrangularis), salt, tamarind pods, green chillies are crushed and the mixture is tied in a cloth which is then tied over the tongue for two hours. This will sensitize the tongue and lead to the animal eating better (Khan, 1996). To detect the correct weight of sheep and goat, leaves and tender branches of Tamarindus indica are crushed and administered to the animals in order to expel the water (Anonymous, 1994). To heal fractured bone, make a paste by boiling well-ground tamarind seeds flour in water and apply it on the bandaged area (Anonymous, 1998). To cure diarrhoea grind and mix 10 g Trachyspermum ammi seeds, 10 g Coriandrum sativum seeds, and juice of 0.75 kg of Tamarindus indica fruits and feed once daily for 2-3 days (Vankar, 1998).
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| Agriculture Usage |
Lemon juice (Citrus limonia) and sour tamarind (Tamarindus indica) for the control of iyal pest (Achoea janata) in castor (Gadhvi, 1999), about 20 measures (about 30 kg per acre) of tamarind seeds are applied in the paddy field, 10 days after transplanting of paddy crop. The seeds will bulge and it will give an appearance of tea water. This will give dark green colour to leaves and give a boost to crop growth and yield (Armugam, 1999). Water soaked tamarind seeds are used to control crabs in paddy field (Patel, 1994). Hairy caterpillar pests which damage leaves can be controlled by 150 ml lemon juice and 150 ml juice of ambli (Tamarindus indica) mixed in 15 litre water and sprayed on the infected field (Gadhvi, 2000). In order to control the infestation of spotted boll worm and pink boll worm, a 500 ml stock solution is made with an equal amount of mahua (Madhuca indica) and tamarind (Tamarindus indica) bark. This solution is filled into a pump (with a capacity of 15 litres) and sprayed on cotton crop (Kodarvi, 1999). Peels of tamarind (Tamarindus indica) along with the seed coat, rind and strings can be conveniently made into rich compost along with other wastes. This compost is known to reduce the soil pH and increase the activity of microbes in the soil when applied to an alkaline field. It also increases the vigour of plants in the field, aiding in the fight against insects and pests (Kodarvi, 1999).
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| Other Usage |
Farmers feed cattle small branches of ber along with the leaves of Imli (Tamarindus Indica) during drought period (Anonymous, 1991). Unripe tamarinds can be used to make pickles (Reddy, 2000-2001). Leaves of Tamarind can be taken as food when boiled along with several other materials during famine (Anonymous, 2003). The pulp from the fruits of Tamarindus indica is used to make a refreshing drink (Aluma et al., 1998). Used in weather forecasting. Abundant rains and a splendid weather conducive to the abundant ripenning of Triticum Aestivum and Cicer arietinum are forecasted when the tree in a region have fruit lengths longer than the usual (Joshi, 1994).
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| Synonyms |
Tamarindus officinalis Hook. |
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| Family |
Caesalpiniaceae |
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| Description |
A large to very large, evergreen tree up to 30 mts in height with dark grey bark having longitudinal tissues and deep cracks. Leaves are paripinnate upto 15ccm long rachis, slender channelled leaflets ,10-20 pairs subsessile oblong. Flowers are yellow, striped with red in lax, few flowered racemes at the ends of the branches.Fruits are pods ,brownish ash colored, slightly curved , sub compressed with a shallow ,oblong pit on each side of the flat faces.Seeds are enveloped by a tough ,leathery membrane (the endocarp) and pulpy mesocarp and testa, shining hard (WOA, 1998). |
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| Common Name in India |
Imli, Amli, Ampli (Hindi); Puli, Kolpuli, Valnpuli (Malayalam); Huli, Amli (Kannad); Cintapandu, Amlaki (Telugu); Puli -amilam (Tamil); Amli, Ambli (Gujarati) (WOA, 1998).
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| Habitat |
A very large evergreen tree found to throughout India particularly in south India often cultivated:
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| Rainfall |
Warm withstand climate and draught but is sensitive to frost. |
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| Soil (Physical/Chemical) |
The tree is not exacting regards the soil and in places it has become naturalized ecen in rocky land.It thrives best deep alluvium. |
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| Regional Distribution |
Cultivated throughout India self sown in west places and forest lands in M.P to South India. In Gujarat, Bengal, Madras, Kerala, Assam, Konkan and Deccan (WOA, 1998).
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| Global Distribution |
It is throughout to be indigenous to Africa is found cultivated or self growing upto an altitude of 300 m (WOA, 1998). |
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| Pests / Diseases |
The plant is affected by Xylaria euglossa, Polyporus calcuttensis (Brownish Rot), Trametes floccosa (White Rot), Meliola tamarindi (Sooty Mould), Pholiota gollani etc.
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| Chemical composition |
Hodenine isolated from leaves, bark and flowers. |
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| Herbarium No |
1 |
REFERENCES |
| SR No. |
NAME |
ARTICLE TITLE |
AUTHOR |
PLACE OF PUBLICATION |
VOLUME/ISSUE |
YEAR |
PUBLISHER |
COMMENT |
| 1 |
Pharmacognosy of ayurvedic drugs of travan core cochin |
Pharmacognosy of ayurvedic drugs of travan core cochin |
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trivendrum |
p-239 |
1951 |
central research institute |
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| 2 |
Indian medicinal plants |
Indian medicinal plants |
P.S.Varier's arya vaidya sala |
kottakkal |
2-259 |
1997 |
longman limited |
A compedium of 500sps. |
| 3 |
Indigenous drugs of india |
Indigenous drugs of india |
R.N.Chopra |
Calcutta-12 |
p-610 |
1958 |
U.N.Dhur and sons private limited |
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| 4 |
The useful plants of india |
The useful plants of india |
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new delhi india |
p-618-619 |
1986 |
c.s.i.r |
publications and information directorate |
| 5 |
Glossary of indian medicinal plants |
Glossary of indian medicinal plants |
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new delhi india |
vol-11/series-1/p-88-106 |
1956 |
c.s.i.r |
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| 6 |
Honey Bee. |
Ambli for Pest Control. |
Gadhvi, BM. |
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11(1): 17. |
2000. |
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| 7 |
WOA |
The Wealth of Asia |
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New Delhi |
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1998 |
National Institute of Science Communication, CSIR |
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