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Medicinal Plant details |
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Information |
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| Sanskrit Name |
Raktasarshapa |
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| Common name in English |
Turnip
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| Botanical Name |
Brassica rapa L. var. rapa |
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| Parts Used |
Underground stem or root, Tender leaves, Seeds |
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| Human Medicinal Usage |
Fruit are mashed and given with bread and milk, which is considered an excellent poultice for indolent sores and pains (Agarwal et al., 1991; McNaughton, 1995). Oil is used in skin disease. It is also used in snake bite. The juice of pomegranates (humma), honey, soaked figs and sugar soaked in turnip helps in curing whooping cough. |
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| Veterinary Medicinal Usage |
Rubbing oil of seeds on affected hooves is recommended for curative remedy of Foot and Mouth disease, (Kunde, 2000). Rhizome bulbs of Allium sativum warmed in oil of Brassica campestris applied on muzzle region and mouth offer various degrees of curative effects for FMD (Kunde, 2000). |
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| Agriculture Usage |
Cakes after extracting oil, is used for manure in agricultural fields. A few plants if grown in between finger millet (ragi), reduce the extent of pest attack on the millet crop (Lingappa, 1999). |
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| Other Usage |
Tender leaves and roots are used as a culinary vegetable in form of soup and sauces. Seed oil is used in cooking food. Pressed cake is suitable for feeding cattle. Rapeseed oil, mixed with fuller's earth is a cool substitute for soap. Ash of plant can be used for washing clothes (Manandhar, 2000-2001).
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| Synonyms |
Brassica campestris L. ssp. rapifera (Metzger) Sinsk. (ITIS, 2004) |
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| Family |
Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) |
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| Description |
Biennial herb with fleshy thickened edible roots. Leaves: Basal leaves distinctly petiolate, the upper ones sessile, lyrate-pinnatifid; terminal lobes ovate-orbicular, obtuse at apex, obliquely cordate at base, unequally denticulate; lateral lobes shortly ovate, denticulate. Flowers: pale yellow, in densely many flowered corymbose racemes; sepals yellowish-green, 5 mm long; petals 6-7 mm long, subemarginate at apex, cuneate at base. Fruits: pods linear, erect, 4-8 cm long, torulose, laterally compressed, yellow, long beaked. Seeds: globose, 1.5 mm in diam., reticulate-alveolate, purplish brown, with smooth seed coat (Kirtikar & Basu, 1995). |
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| Common Name in India |
Shulgam (Hindi), Shiras, Shalgam (Marathi) |
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| Common Name in Other Countries |
Bishnah, Ragg, Kanab (Arabic), Ragigierst, Korakan (Dutch), Sormihirssi (Finnish), Coracan, leusine, Mil rouge (French), Korakan, Kurakan, Ragihirse, Krummhrige Eleusine (German), Coracan, Dagussa, Eleusina (Italian), Shikoku bie (Japanese), Kodo (Nepalese), Coracan (Portuguese), Coracn, Ragi, Mijo coracano (Spanish),
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| Habitat |
A well known cultivar, broadly naturalized in India. |
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| Rainfall |
The plant grows well preferably in sunny and moderately rainy environment. |
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| Soil (Physical/Chemical) |
Sandy and loamy soil is requirement for cultivation.
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| Regional Distribution |
Found in South and western India and various states of central India.
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| Global Distribution |
The plant grows in Europe, Asia to Pakistan, India, Northern China, mid Asia, Canada, Sweden, and West Asia (Bock & Kln, 2004).
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| Harvest |
The crop is harvested as the pods turn yellowish-brown. The crop is liable to shattering, hence it should be harvested just before the pods open in order to avoid losses Crop is harvested with the help of sickles. Threshing is very easy with the help of sticks. Threshing could be done with bullocks or a tractor. The threshed grains are separated from the husk with the help of slow moving natural air current. Cleaned seed are dried in the sun for four to five days.
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| Pests / Diseases |
Bihar Hairy Acterpillar, Mustard Sawfly, Mustard Aphid, Painted Bug and Cabbage Butterfly are some of the most important pests and cause severe damage to rape crop when appear in epidemic form. The other important diseases of rape seed crop are Alternaria Blight (Alternaria Brassicae), Downy Mildew (Peronospora brassicae), White Blister (Albugo candida). |
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| Chemical composition |
An acidic arabinogalactan is isolated from rape-seed, which is comprised of L-arabinose, D-galactose and D-glucuronic acid. Alfa-D-galactopyranosyl -(1-> 6)- O-alfa-D-galactopyranosyl- (1->1)- L-myo-inositol (I) isolated from rape-seeds; structural studies have carried out on an arabinan, isolated from rape-seeds. Biochemical studies also carried out by different workers (Takabe et al., 1980; Niwa et al., 1980; Tani et al., 1995; Persson et al., 2001; Shen et al., 2002; Maeda et al., 2003; Schonhof et al., 2004).
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REFERENCES |
| SR No. |
NAME |
ARTICLE TITLE |
AUTHOR |
PLACE OF PUBLICATION |
VOLUME/ISSUE |
YEAR |
PUBLISHER |
COMMENT |
| 1 |
Ancient Science of Life. |
Standardisation of somarajee taila. |
Agarwal, RG, Tewari, LC, Pandey, MJ, Pandey, G, Uniyal, MR. |
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11(1/2): 62-65. |
1991. |
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| 2 |
Bock, D, Kln, MPI. 2004. |
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| 3 |
Kirtikar, KR, Basu, BD. |
(Reprint ed.). Indian Medicinal Plants. Vol. 1. |
Kirtikar, KR, Basu, BD. |
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Dehra Dun. |
1995 |
International Book Distributors. |
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| 4 |
J Biochem. |
Electron transfer reactions between cytochrome f and plastocyanin from Brassica komatsuna. |
Niwa, S, Ishikawa, H, Nikai, S, Takabe, T. |
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88(4): 1177-1183. |
1980. |
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| 5 |
ITIS. 2004.
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| 6 |
J. Smartt and N.W. Simmonds (Eds.) |
Turnip and relatives - Brassica campestris (Cruciferae). in: |
McNaughton, IH. |
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62-68. |
1995. |
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| 7 |
Hereditas. |
Genetic diversity of allozymes in turnip (Brassica rapa L. var. rapa) from the Nordic area. |
Persson, K, Falt, AS, von Bothmer, R. |
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134(1): 43-52. |
2001 |
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| 8 |
Nahrung. |
Genotypic effects on glucosinolates and sensory properties of broccoli and cauliflower. |
Schonhof, I, Krumbein, A, Bruckner, B. |
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48(1): 25-33. |
2004. |
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| 9 |
J Environ Qual. |
Lead phytoextraction from contaminated soil with high-biomass plant species. |
Shen, ZG, Li, XD, Wang, CC, Chen, HM, Chua, H. |
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31(6): 1893-1900. |
2002. |
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| 10 |
J Biochem. |
Electron transfer reactions of cytochrome f from Brassica komatsuna with hexacyanoferrate. |
Takabe, T, Niwa, S, Ishikawa, H, Takenaka, K. |
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88(4): 1167-1176. |
1980. |
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| 11 |
Biol Sci Space. |
Trace gases generated in closed plant cultivation systems and their effects on plant growth. |
Tani, A, Kiyota, M, Aiga, I. |
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9(4): 314-326. |
1995. |
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