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| Sanskrit Name |
Phala kantak, Uttmarani, Indivari (WOA, 1998). |
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| Common name in English |
Mkoboso, Pergularia. |
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| Botanical Name |
Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov.
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| Parts Used |
Leaves, Roots, Root Bark. |
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| Human Medicinal Usage |
The plant is used in cough, rheumatic pains, anthelmenthic, asthma, against snake bite, and as antibacterial (Patel, 1958; Elango et al., 1985) and antifungal (Qureshi et al., 1997). Uniyal (1982) has studied the steroidal fraction and ethanolic extract of Pergularia daemia for its anti fertility activity. Both of these showed excellent antifertility activity in the pre-implantation stage in female mice. According to him, the ethanol extract showed late abortifacient activity also.
It is a popular medicinal herb among traditional practitioners, useful in treatment against snake-bites. It is used both alone and in combination with other herbs. The traditional healers of Southern Chhattisgarh use the aqueous extract of leaves in combination with other herbs in treatment of diarrhoea. In some parts of Chhattisgarh, the shade dried leaves are burnt and fumes are inhaled to cure the patients having the problem of Asthma. This fume is also used to cure Bleeding Piles. The soften leaves are applied in treatment of joint pains. It is described as good uterine tonic and sedative (Oudhia, 2003). |
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| Veterinary Medicinal Usage |
Vivekanandan (1996) has given a remedy to treat ephemeral fever affected bullocks. Urine obtained from cows, leaves of vellaikundumani (Abrus precatorius) bearing white seeds and veliparuthi (Pergularia daemia) are to be pounded and fed to animal to cure the disease. According to Sinha (2003), leaves of veliparuthi (Pergularia daemia), kuppaimeni (Acalypha indica), the bark of neem (Azadirachta indica), and velvelam (Acacia leucophloea) are ground well, mixed with ragi flour and given to birds for feeding as a way of treating Ranikhet disease A formulation constituting Sukkunaripal (a type of grass), cakes of Madhuca indica, leaves of Pergularia daemia, Calotropis gigantea, Azadirachta indica and Santalum album may be fed orally to manage FMD in cattle (Anonymous, 2000). The pods of the plant are applied to bring animals into heat (Parmar, 1998). |
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| Other Usage |
The fruits and leaves both are eaten in some parts of India.
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| Synonyms |
Asclepias daemia Forssk. Daemia extensa R. Br., Pergularia extensa N. E. Br. (Jagtap & Singh, 1999)
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| Family |
Asclepiadaceae. |
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| Description |
An extensive perennial twining herb, with foetid smell when bruised and with much milky sap Stem: branched, densely covered with white hairs Leaves: opposite, broadly ovate or suborbicular, cuspidate, glabrous above, covered with velvety tomentum beneath Flowers: in lateral umbellate cymes, greenish yellow or dull-white; corolla tubular, lobes spreading, bearded within the margins; corona outer and inner; outer one truncate, the inner one curved, high over the staminal column, spur acute Fruit: a paired follicle, reflexed, beak long, soft spiny, tomentose Seeds: ovate, margined, comose, densely pubescent on both sides with silky white coma Fl. & Fr.: Aug - Feb. (Jagtap & Singh, 1999). |
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| Common Name in India |
Utaran, Utranajutuka, Sagovani (Hindi); Truttoo (Punjabi); Nagala dudheli (Gujarati); Chhagal bati, Chhagul banti (Bengali); Kharyaal, Dudha vela (Sindhi); Uttarani, (Marathi & Konkani); Uttamani, Veliparutti (Tamil); Jittupaku, Gurti chettu, Dustapu chettu (Telugu); Veliparitte, Velipparuthy (Malayalam); Talavaranaballi, Juttuve, Halakoratige (Kannada) (WOA, 1998). |
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| Habitat |
Grows extensively as a wasteland weed (Oudhia, 2003).
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| Rainfall |
Plants are grown in the areas having annual rainfall 570-2,000 mm, however it prefers the dry climatic conditions (WOA, 1998).
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| Soil (Physical/Chemical) |
It needs peat and loamy soil. Sometimes it thrives in sandy soils too (WebGuru Inc, 2004).
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| Regional Distribution |
The species is widely distributed and found almost throughout in India (Nadkarni, 1976), particularly in Western and South-Central India. |
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| Global Distribution |
The species is native of Africa and distributed in the tropical parts of the world including Afghanistan, Ceylon (Kirtikar & Basu, 1996), Africa, Arab, Pakistan, India and Madagascar. |
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| Chemical composition |
The Pharmacognostic studies of root and aerial parts confirm the presence of lupeol and alfa-amyrin and their acetates, beta-sitosterol and its glucoside, calactin and calotropin. Nadkarni (1976) found this twining plant extremely irritant, but no further detail is given.
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| Herbarium No |
0 |
REFERENCES |
| SR No. |
NAME |
ARTICLE TITLE |
AUTHOR |
PLACE OF PUBLICATION |
VOLUME/ISSUE |
YEAR |
PUBLISHER |
COMMENT |
| 1 |
WOA |
The Wealth of Asia |
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New Delhi |
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1998 |
National Institute of Science Communication, CSIR |
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