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Medicinal Plant details |
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Information |
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| Sanskrit Name |
Aamrah, Cutuh (WOA, 1998).
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| Common name in English |
Mango tree, Spring tree, Cupid's favourite, Cuckoo's joy
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| Botanical Name |
Mangifera indica L.
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| Parts Used |
,Roots,Fruits, Leaves, Bark, Flowers,Seed kernel |
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| Human Medicinal Usage |
The roots and bark are used as astringent, acrid, refrigerant, styptic, antiemetic, antiinflammatory and against constipation, useful in vitiated conditons of pitta, metrorrhagia, leucorrhoea, syphilic wounds, ulcers, vomiting uteritis, dysentry and rheumatism. The leaves are astringent, acrid and used as refrigerant, antiemetic, antiinflammatory and constipation, vitiated conditons of kapha, leucorrhoea, syphilic wounds, ulcers, vomiting and stomatopathy. The flowers are astringent, styptic, antiemetic, antiinflammatory and constipating, vitiated conditons of pitta, metrorrhagia, leucorrhoea, syphilis, wounds ulcers vomiting uteritis dysentry and anaemia (Das et al., 1989; Choudhary & Dixit, 1998; Awe et al., 1998; Aderibigbe et al., 1999; Bedi, 2000; Aderibigbe et al., 2001; Garrido et al., 2001; Garcia et al., 2003; Garcia et al., 2003).
The unripe fruits are sour, acrid, refrigrent, digestive, and carminative and useful in gasropathy, dypepsia, ulcers, dysentry, and vaginopathy.The ripe fruits are refrigrent, sweet, emollient, laxative, cardiotonic, ahprodisiac and tonic and used in vitiated conditions of vata and pitta, anorexia, dyspepsia, cardiopathy, emaciation and anaemia and general debility. The seed kernel shows astringent, refrigerant, styptic, antiemetic, antiinflammatory and constipating properties. It is useful in vitiated conditons of pitta, syphilis, wounds, ulcers vomiting, uteritis, dysentry and diabetes. The leaves, bark, stem, unripe fruits extracts show anti-bacterial activity. Ripe fruits possess anti-fungal property (Mukherjee, 1953; Gupta, 1964, 1965; Majumder & Sharma, 1990; Singh et al., 1996; Hazeena et al., 1997; Sharma et al., 1997; Peyyeti et al., 1998; Martnez et al., 2000, 2001, 2003).
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| Veterinary Medicinal Usage |
Local medication involves its use in stomachache, and gastiric trouble in case of horse. If it refuses to feed then a solution of 100 g powdered inflorescense (flowers) of mango (Mangifera indica) and water is administered. This treatment gives relief to the animal (Nathbava, 1997). To improve milk production and increase fat content in cattle, mixture of cotton ball, dried beans of desi baval (Acacia nilotica) and inner kernel of mango is recommended (Khoont, 1997,).
In order to effect fertility / conception and also to beget healthy calves, leaves of palakodi (Leptadenia reticulata), kernel of Mango (Mangifera indica), Roots of aswagandha (Withania somnifera), and leaves of malaivembu (Melia azedarach) are pounded well and administered for 10 days after the animal is inseminated. |
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| Agriculture Usage |
Organic manure can be prepared using shells of castor pods, leaves of mango and castor, cow dung and other farm litter (Anonymous, 1995). Dried mango flowers are used to store gram seeds. To get rid of mango hoppers dry mango leaves are burnt and the smoke used to reduce their attack (Mane, 1991).
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| Other Usage |
Dried mango leaves are used as fuel when other conventional sources are exhausted. The Bodo tribe uses the tender leaves of Bhatai tita (Phlogacanthus tubiflorus), jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), mango (Mangifera indica) and lawn grass (Cynodon dactylon) for yeast formation. Wood of Mangifera indica and Petrocarpus marsupium are used for building of boats (Takikar & Takikar, 1996). |
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| Synonyms |
Mangifera caesia Jack., M. altissima Blanco.
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| Family |
Anacardiaceae
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| Description |
A large spreading, evergreen tree, upto 15 m high, with a heavy doom shaped crown; bark rough, dark, grey. Leaves: simple, crowded at the ends of branches, linear oblong or elliptic lanceolate, acute, acuminate or sub obtuse. Flowers: in large many flowered, pubescent panicles longer than the leaves, small, pungently odorous, reddish white or yellowish green. Fruits: drupes large, fleshy, immature green, orange-yellow or red arter ripen. Seed: solitary, encased in a hard compressed fibrous endocarp (WOA, 1998).
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| Common Name in India |
Aam, Amb (Hindi); Mavu (Kannada); Mavu (Malayalam); Mamaram, Mankai (Tamil); Mamidi (Telugu); Keri, Ambo (Gujarati) (WOA, 1998).
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| Common Name in Other Countries |
Abricotier (French); Mangifera (Italian); Indischer mangobaum (Duetsch); An lo kao (Chinese); Mango (German); Angp (Nepal); Kaddum (Ceylon); Soai (Cmbodia); Ma muang (Indochina)
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| Habitat |
A common tree planted along road sides, also found naturally in forests.
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| Rainfall |
Average rainfall is needed for survival of this plant. Grows better in 750-2500 mm annual rainfall (WOA, 1998). |
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| Soil (Physical/Chemical) |
It grows in various soils including rich clayey, loams as well as on poor sandy and gravelly soil, but grows best in loamy soil (WOA, 1998).
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| Regional Distribution |
It is cultivated through out India, also grows in forests up to 1,200 m. It occurs in wild or semi wild nearly throughout India in tropical and sub tropical hilly forests particularly along the water streams and ravines. It is common in sub-tropical Himalayas, hills of Western ghats, Eastern ghats and forests of Central India, Bihar, Orissa, Assam and Andaman Islands. It is grown in plantation and orchads but more often in home yards field borders and roadside avenues (WOA, 1998).
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| Global Distribution |
It is cultivated in S. china, Malaya, India, Indoneasia, and in the warmer parts of Australia, Philippines, Hawai and West Indies, Madagascar. Also grow widely along the coastal areas of Africa, N. America, Florida and California. |
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| Harvest |
Harvesting is done during the month of March to June depending upon climate and variety.
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| Pests / Diseases |
Indiocerus spp. is supposed to be the most infectious pest of mango; other common pests are Batocera rufomaculata, Parasa lepida and Orthaga exvinacea.
The serious diseases of mango are powdery mildew, anthracnose and bunchy top. In case of Powdery mildew (Oidium mangiferae) the fruits dry up and fall. Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) is generally predominant in moist climates. In bunchy top, the flowers become crowded on short thick stems and develop elongated discs which seldom set fruits.
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| Chemical composition |
The chemical constituents includes, 2-octene, Alanine, Alpha-phellandrene, Alpha-pinene, Ambolic-acid, Ambonic-acid, Arginine, Ascorbic-acid, Beta-carotene Beta-pinene, Carotenoids, Furfurol, Gaba, Gallic-acid, Gallotannic-acid, Geraniol, Histidine, Isoleucine, Isomangiferolic-acid, Kaempferol, Limonene, Linoleic-acid, Mangiferic-acid, Mangiferine, Mangiferol, Mangiferolic-acid, Myristic-acid, Neo-beta-carotene-b, Neo-beta-carotene-u, Neoxanthophyll, Nerol, Neryl-acetate, Oleic-acid, Oxalic-acid, P-coumaric-acid, Palmitic-acid, Palmitoleic-acid, Pantothenic-acid, Peroxidase, Phenylalanine, Phytin, Proline, Quercetin, Xanthophyll. |
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| Herbarium No |
1 |
REFERENCES |
| SR No. |
NAME |
ARTICLE TITLE |
AUTHOR |
PLACE OF PUBLICATION |
VOLUME/ISSUE |
YEAR |
PUBLISHER |
COMMENT |
| 1 |
The useful plants of india |
The useful plants of india |
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new delhi india |
p-354 |
1986 |
c.s.i.r |
publications and information directorate |
| 2 |
Pharmacognosy of ayurvedic plants of travan core cochin |
Pharmacognosy of ayurvedic plants of travan core cochin |
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tirvendrum |
p-161 |
1951 |
central research institute |
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| 3 |
The wealth of india |
The wealth of india |
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new delhi india |
vol-6/p-265-285 |
1952 |
c.s.i.r |
A dictionary of indian raw materials and industrial products |
| 4 |
Indigenous drugs of india |
Indigenous drugs of india |
R.N.Chopra |
calcutta-12 |
p-513 |
1958 |
U.N.Dhur and sons private limited |
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| 5 |
Phytotherapy Res. |
Antihyperglycaemic effect of Mangifera indica in rats. |
Aderibigbe, AO, Emudianughe, TS, Lawal, BAS. |
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13(6): 504-507. |
1999. |
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| 6 |
Phytotherapy Research. |
Antiplasmodial and antipyretic screening of Mangifera indica extract. |
Awe, SO, Olajide, OA, Oladiran, OO, Makinde, JM. |
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12(6): 437-437. |
1998. |
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| 7 |
Ancient Science of Life. |
Standardisation of kutajadivishesh yoga. |
Choudhary, AK, Dixit, SK. |
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17(4): 253-257. |
1998. |
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| 8 |
Honey Bee. |
Perception of young scientists: Why dosent learning from people continue? Part II. |
Das, SK. |
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6(4): 5. |
1995. |
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| 9 |
Phytotherapy Research. |
Evaluation of the antidiabetic action of Mangifera indica in mice. |
Aderibigbe, AO, Emudianughe, TS, Lawal, BAS. |
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15(5): 456-458. |
2001. |
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| 10 |
Sachitra Ayurved. |
Am, Mangifera indica L. |
Bedi, Rames. |
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53(2): 92-100. |
2000. |
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| 11 |
Fitoterapia. |
Antiinflammatory and antimicrobial activities of the seed kernel of Mangifera indica. |
Das, PC, Ashesh Das, Suvra Mandal, Islam, CN, Dutta, MK, Patra, BB, Sikdar, S, Chakrabarthy, PK. |
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60(3): 235-240. |
1989. |
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| 12 |
Phytotherapy Res. |
Anthelminthic and antiallergic activities of Mangifera indica L. stem bark components Vimang and mangiferin. |
Garcia, D, Escalante, M, Delgado, R, Ubeira, Leiro, J. |
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17(10): 1203-1208. |
2003. |
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| 13 |
Phytotherapy Res. |
Mangifera indica L. extract (Vimang) and mangiferin modulate mouse humor immune responses. |
Garcia, D, Leiro, J, Delgado, R, Sanmartin, ML, Ubeira, FM. |
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17(10): 1182-1187. |
2003. |
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| 14 |
Phytotherapy Res. |
Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Mangifera indica L. extract (Vimang). |
Garrido, Gabino, Deyarina Gonzlez, Carla Delporte, Nadine Backhouse, Gypsy Quintero, Alberto J Nez-Sells, Miguel, A Morales. |
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15(1): 18-21. |
2001 |
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| 15 |
Ancient Science of Life. |
Trace element analysis of some copper containing herbs. |
Hazeena Begum, V, Elango, V, Manju, R. |
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16(4): 357-359. |
1997 |
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| 16 |
T.K. Bose and S.K. Mitra (Eds.) |
Mango, in: |
Majumder, PK, Sharma, DK. |
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1-62. |
1990. |
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| 17 |
Phytotherapy Res.
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Effect of Mangifera indica L. extract (QF808) on protein and hepatic microsome peroxidation. |
Martnez Gregorio, Attila Giuliani, Olga Sonia Len, Gema Prez, Alberto J Nez Selles. |
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15(7): 581-585. |
2001. |
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| 18 |
Phytotherapy Res. |
Protective effect of Mangifera indica L. extract (Vimang) on the injury associated with hepatic ischaemia reperfusion. |
Martinez Snchez, Gregorio, Maria, A, Rodrguez, H, Attila Giuliani, Alberto J Nez Sells, Niurka Pons Rodrguez, Olga Sonia Len Fernndez, Re, L |
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17(3): 197-201. |
2003. |
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| 19 |
Economic Bot. |
The mango - Its botany, cultivation, uses and future improvement, especially as observed in India. |
Mukherjee, SK. |
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7: 130-162. |
1953. |
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| 20 |
Ind J Pharmacol. |
Hepatoprotective effect of Aloe vera and Mangifera indica. |
Peyyeti, JP, Amaravathi, P, Nandikolla, SR, Rajendra, SP. |
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30(3): 205. |
1998. |
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| 21 |
International J Pharmacognosy. |
Hypoglycaemic potential of Mangifera indica leaves in rats. |
Sharma, SR, Dwivedi, SK, Svarup, D. |
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35(2): 130-133. |
1997 |
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| 22 |
Indian Council of Agricultural Research |
Mango |
Singh, RN. |
New Delhi |
134 pp., 2nd repr. |
1996. |
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| 23 |
WOA |
The Wealth of Asia |
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New Delhi |
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1998 |
National Institute of Science Communication, CSIR |
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